The convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), in force since 1983, is the only global convention focussed on the conservation of migratory species, their habitats and their migration routes.

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), in force since 1975, aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not constitute a threat to their survival.